AsianScientist (Sep. 1, 2016) – The city state of Singapore has been hit by an explosive Zika outbreak, with 115 cases detected as of August 31, 2016. The first locally-transmitted case was detected just five days ago on August 27, 2016.
The Zika virus is primarily spread by Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus mosquitoes, although it is also known to be sexually transmitted. A. aegypti mosquitoes are widespread in Singapore and the surrounding region, where they play an important role in the transmission of the closely related dengue virus. Efforts at vector control have failed to prevent the rise of dengue in Singapore, which last saw a surge in 2013.
Although most adults infected with Zika only show mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, serious complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome can occur. Much of the anxiety surrounding Zika, however, centers around the impact of the disease on developing fetuses, where infection has been shown to cause serious birth defects including microcephaly and stillbirths.
In the ongoing Zika outbreak two hotspots have been identified, the first at Sims Drive and Aljunied Crescent and the other at Bedok North. However, given the compact size and high population density of Singapore, residents across the island have been advised to take preventive measures.
Here are five steps you can take to prevent the transmission of Zika:
- Prevent mosquito bites
- Eliminate mosquito breeding areas
- Practice safe sex
- Watch out for symptoms
- Reconsider your travel plans
Singapore’s National Environment Agency (NEA) has announced plans to release A. aegypti mosquitoes carrying Wolbachia bacteria in an attempt to reduce the mosquito population.
In the meantime, Singapore residents are advised to avoid mosquito bites by using mosquito repellent, wearing covered clothing and sleeping under mosquito nets or in air-conditioned rooms.
A. aegypti mosquitoes breed in clean, stagnant water. Common areas around the home where breeding sites can be found include flower pots, bamboo pole holders in high-rise apartments and roof gutters. Do note that under the Environmental Public Health Act, NEA officers have the authority to enter homes suspected of harboring mosquito breeding spots, even without the homeowners permission.
The Zika virus can be sexually transmitted and is known to persist in the semen for as long as six months. Other than total abstinence, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises the use of condoms for at least six months for males and eight weeks for females. Couples planning a pregnancy are encouraged to discuss their plans with their healthcare providers to determine their risk and the options available.
Symptoms of Zika—such as fever, skin rashes, joint and muscle pains and headaches—tend to overlap with those of dengue. Conjunctivitis, or red eyes, are a hallmark of Zika that sets it apart. Pregnant women in particular are advised to seek immediate medical attention if they show any symptoms of Zika. People living and working in Zika-affected areas are also encouraged to be vigilant.
Non-essential travel to Zika-affected areas should be cancelled or postponed. If you have recently returned from countries were Zika is active, monitor your health for the next 14 days and be sure to inform your doctor of your travel history.
For the latest updates on Zika affected areas and ongoing local transmission in Singapore, visit the Singapore Ministry of Health’s website on Zika for more information.
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Copyright: Asian Scientist Magazine; Photo: Shutterstock.
Disclaimer: This article does not necessarily reflect the views of AsianScientist or its staff.
