AsianScientist (Aug. 2, 2016) – by Fatima Arkin – Heat stress induced by climate change is pushing up health risks and costs of disasters, according to a set of six research papers published in a special issue of the Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health to help provide a baseline of evidence for the effects of typhoons, heat waves, floods and landslides in Asia.
In Southeast Asia, up to 20 percent of annual work hours may be lost to the combined effects of air, temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation particularly on those working outdoors and in factories that are not air-conditioned.
By 2050, up to 40 percent of annual work hours may be lost if the effects of climate change progressively worsen, say the papers, which were formally launched at the forum on advancing science and technology in the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 in Kuala Lumpur (July 19).
“Southeast Asia is rapidly urbanizing and current patterns of urban development are not ‘climate-sensitive,’” Anthony Capon, director of the UN University International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH) and an author of one of the papers, tells SciDev.Net.
The region faces many challenges: too much housing is located in low-lying urban areas prone to inundation; many new apartments rely on air-conditioning for cooling, which is exacerbating climate change; and although some places provide public transportation, too many cities in Southeast Asia remain heavily reliant on private cars.
The papers point to urban planning as one key area where countries can mitigate the health impacts of more extreme weather events by fostering the protection and expansion of tree cover and increasing the use of renewable energy.
High energy consumption, mainly due to the use of air-conditioning during heat waves, is already placing major strain on electricity infrastructure. A 1°C increase in average ambient temperature can require as much as 200 megawatts of additional energy for a city the size of Bangkok, according to one of the papers.
Proper planning that uses science and technology is also important in post disaster reconstruction, Jamal Hisham Hashim, a research fellow at the UNU-IIGH and an author of one of the papers, tells SciDev.Net. His research shows that improper garbage disposal during post flooding has resulted in a spike in leptospirosis, a waterborne bacterial disease.
In the Asia Pacific region, 1.2 billion people have been affected by over 1,200 disasters since the millennium started. Some 92 percent of human exposure to floods occurs in the Asia Pacific, along with 91 percent of exposure to cyclones and two-thirds of all exposure to landslides.
“[These papers] will help build a better understanding of how Asia is exposed to disaster hazards and risks, and point to areas of vulnerability,” Virginia Murray, vice chair of the scientific and technical advisory group at the UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, tells SciDev.Net.
The articles can be found at: Supplement Issue: Global Environmental Change and Human Health.
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Source: SciDev.Net; Photo: Shutterstock.
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